Ballistic Missile Defense Terminal Defense Segment

Abstract

We are developing and fielding a range of land based terminal capabilities to counter Short Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBMs) to protect forces deployed abroad, allies and friends. The land based SRBM defense capabilities of BMDS consist of the Patriot Advanced Capabiltiy-3 PAC-3) and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD). THAAD is capable of countering Medium-Range Ballistic Missiles (MRBM) to protect deployed forces, critical assets on allied territory, and population centers. THAAD is a near-term transportable capability that will enhance the ability of Combatant Commanders to wage theater wars by intercepting SRBM and MRBM threats using hit-to-kill technologies. The THAAD missile is uniquely designed to intercept targets both inside and outside the Earth`s atmosphere, making the use of countermeasures against THAAD in their terminal phase difficult. The Terminal Defense Segment (TDS) Program Element (PE) funds the land based terminal-related element portions of Regional Defense Capabilities, Sustainment, and other Terminal-related mission area investment activities. The Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) elements in terminal defense pursue development and selective upgrades of interceptor defense capabilities that engage short to medium-range ballistic missiles in the late mid-course and terminal phase of their trajectory. The elements have the capability to engage and negate ballistic missiles and asymmetric threats in both the late mid-course (outside the atmosphere) and terminal phases (inside the atmosphere) of their trajectory, making countermeasures difficult and significantly mitigating Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). This adds significant capability to the BMDS as the threat missiles transition from the mid-course to terminal phase. Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Systems Engineering provides System Description Documents and System Specifications for elements to design, build, integrate and test BMDS components. These products optimize performance at the system level and further ensure that the assessment of the designed BMD System is based on sufficient ground and flight testing. Compliance of THAAD element to BMD System level requirements is monitored in a series of requirements and design reviews both at the system and element levels. MDA has a set of Unifying Missile Defense Functions (UMDFs), which increase the effectiveness of the BMD System, (including probability of engagement success, increase in defended area and raid size capacity, additional redundancy of architecture, unity of command) through the integration of MDA developed capabilities. These UMDF efforts are Sensor Registration (reporting of sensor errors / biases), Correlation (ensuring the information from multiple sensors seeing a threat relates to the same object), System Track (creating a single engageable track of a threat from multiple reports provided by different land, sea, and space based multiple sensors), Discrimination (identifying object details to determine the target from debris or decoys), Battle Management (combining the best sensors and shooters to ensure the highest probability of a kill), Hit / Kill Assessment (determining if the target selected was destroyed after missile impact), and Communications (providing the worldwide connection of sensors and shooters to command authorities). Unifying Missile Defense Functions (UMDFs) are implemented across the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) elements to create and utilize system level data and decisions that enable Combatant Commanders the ability to automatically and manually optimize sensor coverage and interceptor inventory to defend against all ranges of ballistic threats. MDA Element testing is based on an integrated, comprehensive, and phased test program. Element systems, subsystems, and components are tested early in development and are necessary prior to conducting BMD-System level testing. THAAD Element Level testing is reflected in this Program Element (PE). This PE also provides THAAD participation in the consolidated MDA-wide System Test Program and the resources for the planning, design, execution, and management of THAAD in BMD System testing in accordance with the BMDS Test Policy. This applies to all Flight, Integrated Ground, and Distributed Ground Tests and Post-test analysis and reconstructions listed in the Integrated Master Test Plan (IMTP). The THAAD investment in compliance with the IMTP across the three projects (BX07, EX07, MD07) is as follows ($M): FY 2010- $139.4; FY 2011- $138.7; FY 2012- $149.0; FY 2013- $145.1; FY 2014- $172.3 FY 2015- $200.1; TOTAL- $944.6. The THAAD element integrates five major components (Interceptors, Launchers, Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance - Type 2 (AN/TPY-2) Radars, THAAD Fire Control and Communication (TFCC), and THAAD-Peculiar Support Equipment) into the BMDS. The THAAD interceptor is a certified round that is propelled by a single-stage, solid-propellant rocket booster. Its kill vehicle possesses a divert and attitude control system and an infrared seeker used in destroying its target through hit-to-kill technology. The THAAD Launcher consists of the U.S. Army M1120 Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck-Load Handling System variant that transports an integrated interceptor round pallet and supports and secures eight ready-to-launch interceptors. The AN/TPY-2 Radar is an X-Band, solid state, phased array radar capable of tracking multiple threats and multiple interceptors during engagements. The AN/TPY-2 Radar uses fence, volume, and cued search modes and provides surveillance, acquisition, track, discrimination, interceptor communications, and hit assessment data collection for the fire control. The AN/TPY-2 Radar hardware is a transportable system composed of the antenna equipment unit, electronics equipment unit, cooling equipment unit, and the prime power unit. The TFCC is composed of the Tactical Operations Station, the Launch Control Station, and the Station Support Group. These three components together are called the Tactical Station Group (TSG). A TFCC includes two TSGs. The TFCC provides the engagement planning, fire control, coordination, execution, and communications necessary to fulfill the THAAD mission in a coherent and fully integrated fashion. It is interoperable with C2BMC and external air and missile defense and intelligence systems and agencies that are integrated into the BMDS. The Arrow system (developed jointly by the U.S. and Israel), another of the TDS` mission area investments, provides Israel an indigenous capability to defend against short and medium range ballistic missiles and helps ensure U.S. freedom of action in future contingencies. Arrow also provides protection against ballistic missile attacks to U.S. forces deployed to the region. Project WX26 is only applicable to FY 2009. The Arrow program consists of the following major efforts: The Arrow System Improvement Program (ASIP) is a block upgrade of the Arrow Weapon System that enhances its capabilities against evolving regional threats. The program also includes the development of Arrow co-manufacturing capability, co-production of the interceptor, and enhancement of Arrow`s interoperability with U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense Systems (BMDS) via a Joint Tactical Information Data System (JTIDS)/Link-16 common communication architecture. The ASIP will develop upgrades to the existing Arrow Weapon System to allow Arrow to address more significant ballistic missile threats. Related Arrow activities include the Caravan Flight test campaign in the U.S., the Israeli Test Bed (ITB), and studies via the Israeli Systems Architecture and Integration (ISA&I) effort that assess Arrow`s performance relative to existing and emerging threats. Finally, the next phase of development for the Arrow Weapon System is being studied to provide Israel with an indigenous upper-tier system. This is applicable to only FY 2009. A new joint cooperative program with Israel is the David`s Sling Weapon System (DSWS) (FY 2009 only) that is intended for Short Range Ballistic Missile Defense (SRBMD). This system is designed to counter short range rockets and serve as a low-tier to the Arrow Weapon System. This system is being designed and developed as a Joint system to meet both Israeli and U.S. requirements. Research, Development, Test & Evaluation (RDT&E): The THAAD element contributes to the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) by providing a capability for THAAD Interceptor to engage on Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance-Type 2 (AN/TPY-2) (THAAD Mode). When integrated into the BMDS with the BMDS Command and Control/Battle Management and Communications (C2BMC), AEGIS BMD and PATRIOT Systems, the rapidly deployable THAAD element improves the Ballistic Missile Defense Systems (BMDS) overall effectiveness by engaging threat ballistic missiles in the late mid-course and terminal phases of their trajectory. Baseline Capability Development (BCD) (THAAD 1.0) (formerly Block 2.0) and Sustainment: THAAD incremental development began with the design and development of a significant, fundamental capability against short to medium-range Ballistic Missiles (BMs) and asymmetric threats inside and outside the atmosphere. This initial phase allows other BMDS Elements with Link 16 compatibility (AEGIS BMD, PATRIOT) the capability to conduct engagement coordination with THAAD. THAAD development will evolve to achieve a more robust radar discrimination, improved fire control and launcher capabilities that facilitate communications within BMDS, and forward based engagement coordination with other BMDS elements. THAAD development also provides additional capability for other BMDS elements such as the SM-3 Launch on AN/TPY-2 (THAAD Mode) Radar. Flight tests began in FY 2006 and completes in FY 2011. The THAAD element has on multiple occasions demonstrated the ability to support the objective for putting the BMDS on alert. BCD is the foundation for the acquisition and delivery of two THAAD Batteries to support operational assessment and fielding of a BMDS capability useful to the combatant commanders. The delivery of Batteries #1 and #2 consists of a basic load of 48 Interceptors, 6 Launchers, two AN/TPY-2 (THAAD Mode) Radars (one funded in the Sensors Program) and two THAAD Fire Control and Communications (TFCCs), consisting of four Tactical Support Groups (TSGs). Common threat engineering produces common and consistent adversary trajectory and signature data to enable Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) System and sub-system concept and requirements, design, verification, and assessment. Common Threat data is contained in the Adversary Capability Document (ACD) and Adversary Data Packages (ADP) and drives BMDS ground tests, flight tests, digital simulations, and pre-mission analysis activities. It is also used to develop the BMD System Description Document and BMD System Specification. Advanced Capability Development (ACD) (formerly Block 5.0) and Sustainment: ACD is the next incremental capability delivered as part of THAAD`s evolutionary acquisition/development strategy. This continues the concept of a rapidly deployable configuration to support the Terminal Defense Segment (TDS) mission as well as supporting the strategic surveillance missions. ACD lays the foundation for the capability to launch THAAD interceptors using data from other BMDS sensor elements, an expansion of the THAAD element`s capability to provide THAAD sensor data to the BMDS in support of the UMDF. ACD initiates incorporation of integration of the BMDS Command and Control/Battle Management and Communications (C2BMC) communications, improved track correlation and engagement coordination with the BMDS, and the ability to launch THAAD interceptors based on system track and data from the BMDS Command and Control/Battle Management and Communications (C2BMC). This enhanced BMDS C2BMC interface enables the THAAD Interceptor Launch on BMD System Track capability. These enhancements are included in BMDS Integrated Build D development also includes the added capability to conduct Concurrent Test, Training, and Operations and continued participation in BMDS Integrated System Ground and Flight tests. Sustainment continues the field support and contractor logistics support for fielded Battery hardware. Beginning in FY 2011, ACD activities are included in project MD07. Modeling and Simulation (Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) & Program): The BMD Digital Simulations Architecture (DSA) is the primary Modeling and Simulation (M&S) System framework used to integrate Element baselines prior to flight or ground testing, facilitate technical trade-offs, concept analysis and trade studies, as well as providing support to Wargames and exercises within the BMDS Program. The DSA-performance architecture and Element and component high fidelity models support PA events, which provide critical system level performance data relative to all elements, system engineers, M&S developers, the OTA and Warfighters. The DSA-virtual architecture supports Element baseline integration, training, portions of ground testing and exercises. The BMD Single Stimulation Framework (SSF) utilizes Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) assets to support primarily Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) ground testing, pre and post flight test mission construction and reconstruction, portions of the training capability, Wargames, exercises and BMDS contingency studies, as well as various other use cases to enable BMDS performance in a simulated environment. Each BMDS Element supports the M&S Program by providing HWIL representations ready for integration into the BMDS system-level framework to support full-envelope BMDS ground test, flight test, and training events based upon Agency and Warfighter needs. The THAAD element will support the BMDS HWIL Modeling and Simulation Program by providing and integrating into the BMDS system-level HWIL single stimulation framework to support full-envelope BMDS ground test, flight test, and training events based upon Agency and warfighter needs. THAAD`s Models and Simulations efforts are focused on Development, Verification, Validation and Accreditation (VV&A) Goals. In most cases, actions in support of these goals are conducted in parallel. Three major efforts are planned in support of Model and Simulation Development goals: (1) Continue efforts with the Integrated Simulation and Tactical Software (ISTS) model, ensuring that the Simulation is current and THAAD Flight Test Compliant and can serve as a tool for risk reduction and prediction of THAAD flight testing. (2) Maintain Hardware-in-the-Loop facility keeping pace with both hardware and software changes to support the THAAD participation in the MDA Flight Test Program, (3) Continue hardware and software development for the Simulation-Over-Live Driver (SOLD), a THAAD tool in the Missile Defense System Exercises that supports the MDA BMDS Ground Test Campaign. THAAD`s development work in support of its VV&A Goals are focused on data reduction and analysis from both the MDA BMDS Ground Test Campaign and Flight Testing to ensure that the models used remain anchored with actual system performance data. THAAD will support System Pre Flight predictions for each system level flight test using the test framework set up with the BMDS configuration for a particular flight test. This provides the confidence in flight test execution by predicting element performance and exercising element interfaces. This work is also used to proof out the construct of the flight test to ensure if the required data and data management plan will support System Post Flight Reconstruction objectives. System Post Flight Reconstruction (SPFR) will use a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) and/or a Digital Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Environment to replicate the day of flight for the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) configuration, modified to represent the actual environmental conditions and target dynamics observed in flight. The results of this testing are used to increase confidence in the models and simulations by anchoring the results with emphasis on the Critical Engagement Conditions (CECs) and Empirical Measurement Events (EMEs) back to the real world event. System Post Flight Reconstruction (SPFR) is used for validation (anchoring) of models and simulations. The CECs/EMEs shape and focus flight and ground tests within Test Campaigns. The net effect of this rigorous M&S accreditation is the effective operationalization of BMDS RDT&E technical capabilities by the Warfighter. Credibly quantifying BMDS capabilities and limitations, and making informed capability acceptance and employment decisions in relation to Warfighter Operations Plans (OPLANs) and Concept Plans (CONPLANs) is the goal. There are 23 CECs and EMEs and a total of 530 possible collection opportunities for the verification, validation and accreditation (VV&A) of modeling and simulation (M&S) during flight and ground tests for the THAAD Element documented in the Integrated Master Test Plan (IMTP). The percentage of test opportunities completed at the beginning and end of each fiscal year is as follows: FY 2009: % Complete: Beginning- 11%; Ending- 14% FY 2010: % Complete: Beginning- 14%; Ending- 28% FY 2011: % Complete: Beginning- 28%; Ending- 42% The CECs/EMEs acquired in FY 2009, FY 2010, and FY 2011 are accomplished through flight and ground test events, which will build additional confidence in THAAD Models and Simulations. Specific CECs/EMEs for each flight/ground test for THAAD are listed in the latest version of the BMDS Integrated Master Test Plan (IMTP). THAAD goals are: Develop, test, verify, field and manufacture THAAD capability Continue component development to enhance integrated BMDS capability; support the Unifying Missile Defense Function (UMDF) for Engagement, Coordination, Sensor Registration, System Track, Hit/Kill Assessment and Communications Test and verify enhanced integrated Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) Component Capability in an increasingly complex BMDS test program In partnership with the Army, provide, field and sustain THAAD capability for Operational Testing and BMDS operations Provide Quality Safety Mission Assurance (QSMA) operations to ensure compliance with Agency requirements for design, test, manufacturing, quality, safety, and reliability Integrate THAAD into the BMDS International Strategy

Document Details

• Document Type: R2 Budgetary Justification
• Publication Date: Oct 01, 2011
• Source ID: 0603881C_4_0400_PB_2011
• Change Summary Explanation: FY 2009 decreases were a result of SBIR/STTR transfer and other MDA adjustments. No FY 2011 data provided in PB10.
• Service Agency Name: Missile Defense Agency

Entities

Organizations

• Missile Defense Agency

Tags

Communities of Interest

• Advanced Electronics
• Counter WMD
• Cyber
• Space

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

• Ballistic Missiles
• Business Administration
• Defense Systems
• Deployment
• Information Systems
• Logistics
• Medium Range Ballistic Missiles
• Performance Tests
• Rockets
• Short Range Ballistic Missiles
• Software Development
• Supply Chain
• Supply Chain Management
• Systems Engineering
• Test And Evaluation
• Test Facilities
• Theater Ballistic Missiles

Readers

• Missile Defense Systems.

Technology Areas

• Fully Networked C3
• Fully Networked C3 - Command and Control
• Microelectronics
• Microelectronics - Microelectromechanical Systems
• Space