Ballistic Missile Defense Sensors
Abstract
The Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) network of layered Sensors provides essential situational awareness and fire control data for the command and control of BMDS weapon systems, such as Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD), Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense, and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD). The suite of remote ground-based sensors provide early warning, midcourse and terminal ballistic missile defense threat data enabling layered detection and tracking of ballistic missile targets, providing fire-control quality position, velocity, and discrimination data through Command and Control, Battle Management, Communications (C2BMC). Overlapping sensor coverage of geographically diverse sensors provides improved threat track data as well as reducing the loss of any one sensor and reducing the potential impact of countermeasures. The extended coverage and accuracy provided by a network of layered sensors increases the defensive footprint and reduces the number of target engagements required, thereby conserving interceptor inventory and ensuring a high probability of successful engagement. Networked forward-based sensors enables C2BMC to pair the best sensor coverage with the best available weapon system to provide the most effective defense against ballistic missile threats. This Program Element includes support for the Discrimination Improvements for Homeland Defense (DIHD) effort. The goal of this effort is to develop and field an integrated set of Element capabilities to improve BMDS reliability, lethality, and discrimination. The end result will be a deployed future BMDS architecture more capable of discriminating and destroying a reentry vehicle with a high degree of confidence that will improve Warfighter shot doctrine and preserve inventory. This effort will encompass a DIHD Near-Term capability fielding and a DIHD Mid-Term capability fielding. The BMD Sensors Program contributes to regional missile defense through the following activities: Development, delivery and deployment or redeployment of remote, forward based Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance and Control (AN/TPY-2) radars to include radars for tests or operations. Radars provide early warning, track, and discrimination data through all phases of ballistic missile flight. Through the BMDS C2BMC and coalition data links, the AN/TPY-2 provides fire control data to enable remote Standard Missile (SM)-3 engagements by Aegis BMD, to allow earlier engagement by the Arrow Weapon System, and to cue deployed THAAD and U.S. and partner PATRIOT batteries. Provides the enhancements/development of AN/TPY-2 software across the fleet of radars. Lessons learned from each radar are addressed in new software builds that are developed, tested, and subsequently installed at each radar. AN/TPY-2 radars can be configured to operate either as a THAAD Fire Unit Radar (terminal mode) or Forward-Based Radar. These radars are transportable, adding flexibility to respond to geographical changes in threats. The AN/TPY-2 used in a forward-based role provides detection and tracking during the boost phase. This significantly reduces the uncertainty in target discrimination and reaction time, increasing the probability of a successful BMDS engagement. In forward-based mode, the AN/TPY-2 also provides acquisition and track data via the BMDS C2BMC and Link 16 to the Aegis missile defense system for cueing. The AN/TPY-2 used in terminal mode is an integral component of the THAAD Battery. The THAAD battery radar is capable of tracking multiple threats and multiple interceptors during engagements in the terminal phase. It provides surveillance, acquisition, track, discrimination, interceptor communications, and hit assessment data collection for the fire control. The current and planned utilization of the AN/TPY-2 radars supports GMD, THAAD, and the Aegis Weapon System via C2BMC. The Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) network of sensors also includes the COBRA DANE Radar at Eareckson Air Force Station in Alaska, and the Upgraded Early Warning Radars (UEWR) at Beale Air Force Base, CA, Fylingdales Royal Air Force, United Kingdom, and at Thule Air Force Base in Greenland. These Ultra High Frequency Early Warning Radars (EWR) have been upgraded to include missile defense functionality. This upgrade expands the capabilities of the U.S. to include defense against limited long-range threats. The Clear EWR, located at Clear Air Force Station, AK, and the Cape Cod EWR, Located at Cape Cod Air Force Station, MA are also being upgraded to include missile defense functionality. Upgrade activities began in FY 2012 and are expected to be completed in FY 2017. The addition of the Clear UEWR and Cape Cod UEWRs the BMDS sensor architecture will improve BMDS sensor coverage and provide new engagement options against long-range missile threats. The BMD Vision Study, conducted by MDA with USSTRATCOM, identified the need to enhance the discrimination capabilities of our sensors and weapon systems. The BMD Sensors Program meets this need through the following activities: One of the critical areas identified in the study to be addressed by the future BMDS was the need to provide a more robust discrimination capability to support the defense of the Homeland. As part of the BMDS Integrated Discrimination strategy, the addition of a Long Range Discrimination Radar (LRDR) to the BMDS would address this critical need through providing persistent 24/7 precision tracking and discrimination capability. The development, integration and fielding of the LRDR will provide an improved persistent midcourse Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) discrimination capability in the Pacific architecture, optimize the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) interceptor inventory, and address evolving threats. In addition the radar will provide larger hit assessment coverage potentially supporting improved warfighting capability to manage the GBI inventory and improving the capacity of the BMDS. In addition, there is an Enhanced Discrimination and sensors program that will improve discrimination capabilities of the AN/TPY-02, Cobra Dane, Sea Based X-Band, and the UEWR radars against the long range missile threat. The BMDS Sensors Program also contributes to the testing and proving of the U.S. missile defense systems through the following activities: -Participation in BMDS flight and ground test campaigns -Modeling and simulation (M&S) efforts to include: enhanced sensor models, development of Radio Frequency scene generators, integration of digital simulations into the BMDS M&S architecture, and Verification, Validation, and Accreditation of radar models. MD40 Program-Wide Support (PWS) consists of essential non-headquarters management costs in support of the MDA functions and activities across the entire Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS).
Document Details
- Document Type
- R2 Budgetary Justification
- Publication Date
- Oct 01, 2015
- Source ID
- 0603884C_4_0400_PB_2015
- Change Summary Explanation
- The FY 2014 increase reflects the congressional plus up for enhanced discrimination capability. The FY 2015 increase reflects the addition of the MD96 Budget Project for the Long Range Discrimination Radar (LRDR) and additional funding for enhanced discrimination capability.
- Service Agency Name
- Missile Defense Agency
Entities
Organizations
- Missile Defense Agency
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