Ballistic Missile Defense Sensors
Abstract
The Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) network of layered Sensors provides essential situational awareness and fire control data for the command and control of BMDS weapon systems, such as Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD), Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense, and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD). The suite of remote ground-based sensors provide early warning, midcourse and terminal ballistic missile defense threat data enabling layered detection and tracking of ballistic missile targets, providing fire-control quality position, velocity, and discrimination data through Command and Control, Battle Management, Communications (C2BMC). Overlapping coverage of geographically diverse sensors provides improved threat track data as well as reducing the loss of any one sensor and reducing the potential impact of countermeasures. The extended coverage and accuracy provided by a network of layered sensors increases the defensive footprint and reduces the number of target engagements required, thereby conserving interceptor inventory and ensuring a high probability of successful engagement. Networked forward-based sensors enables C2BMC to pair the best sensor coverage with the best available weapon system to provide the most effective defense against ballistic missile threats. This Program Element includes support for the Discrimination Improvements for Homeland Defense (DIHD) effort. The goal of this effort is to develop and field an integrated set of Element capabilities to improve BMDS reliability, lethality, and discrimination. The end result will be a deployed future BMDS architecture more capable of discriminating and destroying a reentry vehicle with a high degree of confidence that will improve Warfighter shot doctrine and preserve inventory. This effort will encompass a Near-Term, Mid-Term capability, and Far-term DIHD capability fielding. DIHD is a combined effort between Systems Engineering, Ground-based Midcourse Defense (PE 0603882C), BMD Sensors (PE 0603884C), C2BMC (PE 0603896C), Aegis BMD (PE 0603892C) and Advanced C4ISR (PE 0603179C). The BMD Sensors Program contributes to regional missile defense through the following activities: Development, delivery and deployment or redeployment of remote, forward based Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance and Control (AN/TPY-2) radars to include radars for tests or operations. Radars provide early warning, track, and discrimination data through all phases of ballistic missile flight. Through the BMDS C2BMC and coalition data links, the AN/TPY-2 provides fire control data to enable remote Standard Missile (SM)-3 engagements by Aegis BMD, to allow earlier engagement by the Arrow Weapon System, and to cue deployed THAAD and U.S. and partner PATRIOT batteries. Provides the enhancements/development of AN/TPY-2 software across the fleet of radars. Lessons learned from each radar are addressed in new software builds that are developed, tested, and subsequently installed at each radar. AN/TPY-2 radars can be configured to operate either as a THAAD Fire Unit Radar (terminal mode) or Forward-Based Radar. These radars are transportable, adding flexibility to respond to geographical changes in threats. The AN/TPY-2 used in a Forward-Based role detects and acquires ballistic missile threats and provides precision track and discrimination data during the boost and midcourse phases of flight. The BMDS C2BMC provides this track and discrimination data, for cueing and engagements, to GFC for GMD defense of the homeland and to Link 16 for Aegis and other regional missile defense systems to support defense of U.S., deployed forces, friends and allies. This track and discrimination data identifies the lethal object, significantly reduces the target uncertainty, and provides additional reaction time to increase the probability of successful BMDS engagements. The AN/TPY-2 used in terminal mode is an integral component of the THAAD Battery. The THAAD battery radar is capable of tracking multiple threats and multiple interceptors during engagements in the terminal phase. It provides surveillance, acquisition, track, discrimination, interceptor communications, and hit assessment data collection for the fire control. The current and planned utilization of the AN/TPY-2 radars supports GMD, THAAD, and the Aegis Weapon System via C2BMC. The Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) network of sensors also includes the COBRA DANE Radar at Eareckson Air Force Station in Alaska, and the Upgraded Early Warning Radars (UEWR) at Beale Air Force Base, CA, Fylingdales Royal Air Force, United Kingdom, and at Thule Air Force Base in Greenland. These Ultra High Frequency Early Warning Radars (EWR) have been upgraded to include missile defense functionality. This upgrade expands the capabilities of the U.S. to include defense against limited long-range threats. The Clear EWR, located at Clear Air Force Station, AK, and the Cape Cod EWR, Located at Cape Cod Air Force Station, MA are also being upgraded to include missile defense functionality. Upgrade activities began in FY 2012 and are expected to be completed in FY 2017. The addition of the Clear UEWR and Cape Cod UEWRs the BMDS sensor architecture will improve BMDS sensor coverage and provide new engagement options against long-range missile threats. The BMD Vision Study, conducted by MDA with USSTRATCOM, identified the need to enhance the discrimination capabilities of our sensors and weapon systems. There is an Enhanced Discrimination and sensors program that will improve discrimination capabilities of the AN/TPY-02, Cobra Dane, Sea Based X-Band, and the UEWR radars against the long range missile threat. The BMDS Sensors Program also contributes to the testing and proving of the U.S. missile defense systems through the following activities: -Modeling and simulation (M&S) efforts to include: enhanced sensor models, development of Radio Frequency scene generators, integration of digital simulations into the BMDS M&S architecture, and Verification, Validation, and Accreditation of radar models. MD40 Program-Wide Support (PWS) consists of essential non-headquarters management efforts providing integrated and efficient support to the MDA functions and activities across the entire Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS).
Document Details
- Document Type
- R2 Budgetary Justification
- Publication Date
- Oct 01, 2016
- Source ID
- 0603884C_4_0400_PB_2016
- Change Summary Explanation
- FY 2015 changes reflect Public Law 113-235, FY2015 Omnibus; Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act. The FY 2016 decrease reflects the realignment of funds from the Long Range Discrimination Radar (MD96) Budget Project to the Long Range Discrimination Radar Program Element (0604873C) and the realignment of funds from the BMDS Radars Test (MT11) Budget Project to the BMD Sensor Test Program Element (0604879C). The decrease also reflects funds realigned to the Sea Based X-Band Radar Program Element (0603907C) for evolving requirements for maintaining readiness to support contingency operations.
- Service Agency Name
- Missile Defense Agency
Entities
Organizations
- Missile Defense Agency
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