Parahydrogen‐Based Hyperpolarization for Biomedicine
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the most versatile and useful physical effects used for human imaging, chemical analysis, and the elucidation of molecular structures. However, its full potential is rarely used, because only a small fraction of the nuclear spin ensemble is polarized, that is, aligned with the applied static magnetic field. Hyperpolarization methods seek other means to increase the polarization and thus the MR signal. A unique source of pure spin order is the entangled singlet spin state of dihydrogen, parahydrogen (pH2), which is inherently stable and long‐lived. When brought into contact with another molecule, this “spin order on demand” allows the MR signal to be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. Considerable progress has been made in the past decade in the area of pH2‐based hyperpolarization techniques for biomedical applications. It is the goal of this Review to provide a selective overview of these developments, covering the areas of spin physics, catalysis, instrumentation, preparation of the contrast agents, and applications.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Aug 01, 2018
- Source ID
- 10.1002/anie.201711842
Entities
People
- Alexej Jerschow
- Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Bryce Kidd
- C. Russell Bowers
- Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Francesca Reineri
- Jan-bernd Hövener
- Kai Buckenmaier
- Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Markus Plaumann
- Niki M. Zacharias
- Pratip Bhattacharya
- Rachel Katz‐brull
- Roman V. Shchepin
- Shawn Wagner
- Stefan Glöggler
- Thomas Theis
Organizations
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs
- Duke University
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering
- Hadassah Medical Center
- International Tomography Center
- John S. Dunn Foundation
- Kiel University
- Koch Foundation
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- National Cancer Institute
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- National Science Foundation Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences
- New York University
- Novosibirsk State University
- Pancreatic Cancer Action Network
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Russian Center for Science Information
- Russian Science Foundation
- Southern Illinois University
- University of Florida
- University of Magdeburg
- University of Texas at Austin
- University of Turin
- Vanderbilt University
- Wayne State University