X Chromosome Dose and Sex Bias in Autoimmune Diseases: Increased Prevalence of 47,XXX in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren's Syndrome
Abstract
More than 80% of autoimmune disease predominantly affects females, but the mechanism for this female bias is poorly understood. We suspected that an X chromosome dose effect accounts for this, and we undertook this study to test our hypothesis that trisomy X (47,XXX; occurring in ∼1 in 1,000 live female births) would be increased in patients with female‐predominant diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], primary Sjögren's syndrome [SS], primary biliary cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) compared to patients with diseases without female predominance (sarcoidosis) and compared to controls.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Apr 27, 2016
- Source ID
- 10.1002/art.39560
Entities
People
- Adam J. Adler
- Andrew J. W. Huang
- Ann Igoe
- Astrid Rasmussen
- Barbara M. Segal
- Bernardo Pons‐estel
- Betty P. Tsao
- Biji T. Kurien
- Carl L. Langefeld
- Carrie A. Weaver
- Christopher I Amos
- Christopher J. Lessard
- Corinne Miceli‐richard
- Courtney G. Montgomery
- Daniel J. Wallace
- David M. Lewis
- Deborah S. Cunninghame‐graham
- Diana H. Taft
- Diane L. Kamen
- Donald U. Stone
- Edward C. Keystone
- Erwin P. Bottinger
- Gabor G. Illei
- Gang Xie
- Gary S. Gilkeson
- Gideon Hirschfield
- Graciela S. Alarcón
- Gunnel Nordmark
- Jacen S. Maier‐moore
- Jacques‐eric Gottenberg
- James A. Lessard
- James Chodosh
- Jane E. Salmon
- Jay Kumar
- Jeffrey C. Edberg
- Jennifer A. Kelly
- Joan T. Merrill
- Joel M. Guthridge
- John A. Ice
- John B. Harley
- Juan‐manuel Anaya
- Judith A James
- Katherine A. Siminovitch
- Kathy L. Sivils
- Ke Liu
- Kenneth M Kaufman
- Kristi A. Koelsch
- Leah C. Kottyan
- Lida Radfar
- Marie Wahren‐herlenius
- Marta E. Alarcón‐riquelme
- Maureen Rischmueller
- Michael H. Weisman
- Michael Rohrer
- Michael T. Brennan
- Mitali Talsania
- Nelson L. Rhodus
- Pamela Hughes
- Patrick M Gaffney
- Per Eriksson
- R. Hal Scofield
- Rajaram Gopalakrishnan
- Roald Omdal
- Robert P. Kimberly
- Roland Jonsson
- Sara Lazaro
- Sarah L. Zimmerman
- Shibo Li
- Susan D. Thompson
- Tammy O. Utset
- Timothy J. Vyse
- Torsten Witte
- Valerie M. Harris
- Vivian P. Bykerk
- W. Joseph Mccune
- Wan‐fai Ng
- Xavier Mariette
- Xianglan Lu
Organizations
- Alliance for Lupus Research
- Canada Research Chair
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Carlos III Health Institute
- Carolinas Medical Center
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- Dartmouth College
- Hannover Medical School
- Harvard Medical School
- Hospital for Special Surgery
- Karolinska Institutet
- King's College London
- Linköping University
- Medical Research Council
- Medical University of South Carolina
- Mount Sinai Hospital
- National Institutes of Health
- Newcastle University
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- Our Lady of the Rosary University
- Stavanger University Hospital
- United States Department of Defense
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs
- University of Adelaide
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- University of Bergen
- University of Birmingham
- University of California, Los Angeles
- University of Chicago
- University of Cincinnati
- University of Granada
- University of Michigan
- University of Minnesota
- University of Oklahoma
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- University of Paris-Sud
- University of Strasbourg
- University of Toronto
- Uppsala University
- Veterans Health Administration
- Wake Forest University
- Western Norway Regional Health Authority