Heterotopic Ossification: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a diverse pathologic process, defined as the formation of extraskeletal bone in muscle and soft tissues. HO can be conceptualized as a tissue repair process gone awry and is a common complication of trauma and surgery. This comprehensive review seeks to synthesize the clinical, pathoetiologic, and basic biologic features of HO, including nongenetic and genetic forms. First, the clinical features, radiographic appearance, histopathologic diagnosis, and current methods of treatment are discussed. Next, current concepts regarding the mechanistic bases for HO are discussed, including the putative cell types responsible for HO formation, the inflammatory milieu and other prerequisite “niche” factors for HO initiation and propagation, and currently available animal models for the study of HO of this common and potentially devastating condition. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Feb 27, 2019
- Source ID
- 10.1002/jbm4.10172
Entities
People
- Aaron W James
- Adam Levin
- Benjamin Lévi
- Carolyn Meyers
- Catherine Ding
- Edward Mccarthy
- Jeffrey Lisiecki
- Laura Fayad
- Sarah Miller
- Takashi Sono
Organizations
- American Cancer Society
- Johns Hopkins University
- Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund
- Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation
- United States Department of Defense
- University of California, Los Angeles
- University of Michigan