Dual driven mechanism (hygro‐redox) semi‐interpenetrating polymer network composite film (polyaniline‐polyacrylic acid/sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)) for artificial muscles
Abstract
Different weight ratios of polyaniline (PANI) to poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) were synthesized as interpenetrating polymer networks and blended with sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). In‐situ polymerization was performed by chemical oxidation of aniline in the presence of PAA. The composites showed actuation capability in the presence of fuel/air and moisture. Mechanical testing indicated that samples with higher concentration of PAA were stronger. For instance, PANI1PAA2SPEEK3 breaks at 8.4 MPa and has a failure strain of 2.5%, which is higher than PANI3PAA1SPEEK3 at 7 MPa and 2%. However, higher amount of PAA resulted in a lower electrochemical conductivity of 1.52 × 10−2 S/cm for the former and 1.8 × 10−2 S/cm for the latter. Intermolecular interaction at the optimum composition is necessary to induce forward and reverse bending of catalyst coated composite under exposure of fuel and air. In addition, the formation of compact structures and rough surfaces resulted in the maximal contractile strain of 1% for PANI3PAA1SPEEK3 based on moisture actuation.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Apr 29, 2022
- Source ID
- 10.1002/pat.5709
Entities
People
- Alex Langrock
- Asher C Leff
- Daniel T Hallinan
- Dat T. Tran
- David Mackie
- Haval Kareem
- Hyun Kim
- Jeffrey Auletta
- Luther Mahoney
Organizations
- United States Army Research Laboratory