Visualizing Assembly Dynamics of All‐Liquid 3D Architectures
Abstract
To better exploit all‐liquid 3D architectures, it is essential to understand dynamic processes that occur during printing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid. Here, the interfacial assembly and transition of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (H6TPPS) over time provides an opportunity to monitor the interfacial behavior of nanoparticle surfactants (NPSs) during all‐liquid printing. The formation of J‐aggregates of H4TPPS2− at the interface and the interfacial conversion of the J‐aggregates of H4TPPS2− to H‐aggregates of H2TPPS4− is demonstrated by interfacial rheology and in situ atomic force microscopy. Equally important are the chromogenic changes that are characteristic of the state of aggregation, where J‐aggregates are green in color and H‐aggregates are red in color. In all‐liquid 3D printed structures, the conversion in the aggregate state with time is reflected in a spatially varying change in the color, providing a simple, direct means of assessing the aggregation state of the molecules and the mechanical properties of the assemblies, linking a macroscopic observable (color) to mechanical properties.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Dec 03, 2021
- Source ID
- 10.1002/smll.202105017
Entities
People
- Feng Liu
- Jian‐mei Lu
- Paul D. Ashby
- Paul Y Kim
- Pei‐yang Gu
- Qing‐feng Xu
- Qun Chen
- Thomas Paul Russell
- Yu Chai
Organizations
- Army Research Office
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Changzhou University
- City University of Hong Kong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- Office of Science
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Soochow University
- United States Department of Energy
- University of Massachusetts