Instigation of the epoch of nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy
Abstract
Cancer is an unprecedented proliferation of cells leading to abnormalities in differentiation and maturation. Treatment of primary and metastatic cancer is challenging. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapies have been conventionally used; however, they suffer from severe toxicity and non‐specificity. Immunotherapy, the science of programming the body's own defense system against cancer has gained tremendous attention in the last few decades. However, partial immunogenic stimulation, premature degradation and inability to activate dendritic and helper T cells has resulted in limited clinical success. The era of nanomedicine has brought about several breakthroughs in various pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Hereby, we review and discuss the interplay of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the immunological cascade and how they can be employed to develop nanoparticle‐based cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. Nanoparticles composed of lipids, polymers and inorganic materials contain useful properties suitable for vaccine development. Proteinaceous vaccines derived from mammalian viruses, bacteriophages and plant viruses also have unique advantages due to their immunomodulation capabilities. This review accounts for all such considerations. Additionally, we explore how attributes of nanotechnology can be utilized to develop successful nanomedicine‐based vaccines for cancer therapy.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Nov 21, 2022
- Source ID
- 10.1002/wnan.1870
Entities
People
- Arun K. Kotha
- Mahavir Bhupal Chougule
- Mohammad Uddin
- Nicole F Steinmetz
- Paras Famta
- Rama Kashikar
- Saurabh Shah
- Saurabh Srivastava
- Shashi Bala Singh
- Vinod Tiwari
- Young Hun Chung
Organizations
- Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- Indian Institutes of Technology
- Mercer University
- NIPER Hyderabad
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- University of California, San Diego