Ir4+ ions in β-Ga2O3 crystals: An unintentional deep donor
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and infrared absorption are used to detect Ir4+ ions in β-Ga2O3 crystals. Mg and Fe doped crystals are investigated, and concentrations of Ir4+ ions greater than 1 × 1018 cm−3 are observed. The source of the unintentional deep iridium donors is the crucible used to grow the crystal. In the Mg-doped crystals, the Ir4+ ions provide compensation for the singly ionized Mg acceptors and thus contribute to the difficulties in producing p-type behavior. The Ir4+ ions replace Ga3+ ions at the Ga(2) sites, with the six oxygen neighbors forming a distorted octahedron. A large spin-orbit coupling causes these Ir4+ ions to have a low-spin (5d5, S = 1/2) ground state. The EPR spectrum consists of one broad line with a significant angular dependence. Principal values of the g matrix are 2.662, 1.815, and 0.541 (with principal axes near the crystal a, b, and c directions, respectively). Ionizing radiation at 77 K decreases the Ir4+ EPR signal in Mg-doped crystals and increases the signal in Fe-doped crystals. In addition to the EPR spectrum, the Ir4+ ions have an infrared absorption band representing a d-d transition within the t2g orbitals. At room temperature, this band peaks near 5153 cm−1 (1.94 μm) and has a width of 17 cm−1. The band is highly polarized: its intensity is maximum when the electric field E is parallel to the b direction in the crystal and is nearly zero when E is along the c direction.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Jan 28, 2019
- Source ID
- 10.1063/1.5081825
Entities
People
- B. E. Kananen
- C. A. Lenyk
- Donald L. Dorsey
- E. M. Scherrer
- G. K. Foundos
- J. D. Blevins
- K. T. Stevens
- L E Halliburton
- N. C. Giles
- Shin Mou
Organizations
- Air Force Institute of Technology
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Northrop Grumman
- West Virginia University