Quantifying the contribution of subject and group factors in brain activation

Abstract

Research in neuroscience often assumes universal neural mechanisms, but increasing evidence points toward sizeable individual differences in brain activations. What remains unclear is the extent of the idiosyncrasy and whether different types of analyses are associated with different levels of idiosyncrasy. Here we develop a new method for addressing these questions. The method consists of computing the within-subject reliability and subject-to-group similarity of brain activations and submitting these values to a computational model that quantifies the relative strength of group- and subject-level factors. We apply this method to a perceptual decision-making task (n = 50) and find that activations related to task, reaction time, and confidence are influenced equally strongly by group- and subject-level factors. Both group- and subject-level factors are dwarfed by a noise factor, though higher levels of smoothing increases their contributions relative to noise. Overall, our method allows for the quantification of group- and subject-level factors of brain activations and thus provides a more detailed understanding of the idiosyncrasy levels in brain activations.

Document Details

Document Type
Pub Defense Publication
Publication Date
Sep 27, 2023
Source ID
10.1093/cercor/bhad348

Entities

People

  • Dobromir Rahnev
  • Ji-Hyun Kim
  • Jiwon Yeon
  • Johan Nakuci
  • Kai Xue
  • Sung-phil Kim

Organizations

  • Georgia Tech
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Office of Naval Research
  • Stanford University
  • Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology

Tags

Readers

  • Systems Analysis and Design
  • Team-Based Human-Centered Cognitive Task Decision Making and Information Performance.