Black Soldier Fly Larvae Rearrange under Compression
Abstract
Thousands of black soldier larvae hatch simultaneously from eggs laid within rotting vegetation or animal carcasses. Over the next few weeks, they grow while compressed by both their surroundings and each other. When compressed, these larvae rearrange to reduce the forces upon them. How quickly can larvae rearrange, and what final state do they choose? In this experimental study, we use a universal testing machine to conduct creep tests on larvae, squeezing them to set volume fractions and measuring the time course of their reaction force. Live larvae come to equilibrium at a rate 10 times faster than dead larvae, indicating that their small movements can rearrange them faster than just settling. The relaxation of dead larvae is well described by stretched exponentials, which also characterize hierarchical self-avoiding materials such as polymers or balls of crumpled aluminum foil. The equilibrium pressures of live larvae are comparable to those of dead larvae, suggesting that such pressures are dictated by the physics of their bodies rather than their behavior. Live larvae perform fluctuations to actively maintain this equilibrium pressure. This ability to survive large pressures might have applications in the larvae-rearing industry, where both live and dead larvae are packed in containers for shipping.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Aug 01, 2019
- Source ID
- 10.1093/icb/icz133
Entities
People
- David L. Hu
- Joshua Trebuchon
- Olga Shishkov
- Peter J Yunker
- Scott Franklin
Organizations
- Army Research Office
- Georgia Research Alliance
- Georgia Tech
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
- The Company of Biologists
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
- United States Army Research Laboratory