Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-DNA Adducts in Gulf of Mexico Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies Collected in 2012
Abstract
The northern Gulf of Mexico has a long history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination from anthropogenic activities, natural oil seepages, and the 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill. The continental shelf of the same area is a known breeding ground for sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). To evaluate PAH-DNA damage, a biomarker for potential cancer risk, we compared skin biopsies collected from Gulf of Mexico sperm whales in 2012 with skin biopsies collected from sperm whales in areas of the Pacific Ocean in 1999–2001. All samples were obtained by crossbow and comprised both epidermis and subcutaneous blubber. To evaluate exposure, 7 carcinogenic PAHs were analyzed in lipids extracted from Pacific Ocean sperm whale blubber, pooled by sex, and location. To evaluate PAH-DNA damage, portions of all tissue samples were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned, and examined for PAH-DNA adducts by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an antiserum elicited against benzo[a]pyrene-modified DNA, which crossreacts with several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs bound to DNA. The IHC showed widespread epidermal nuclear localization of PAH-DNA adducts in the Gulf of Mexico whales (n = 15) but not in the Pacific Ocean whales (n = 4). A standard semiquantitative scoring system revealed significantly higher PAH-DNA adducts in the Gulf of Mexico whales compared to the whales from the Pacific Ocean study (p = .0002).
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Feb 10, 2021
- Source ID
- 10.1093/toxsci/kfab016
Entities
People
- Abou El-makarim Aboueissa
- Catherine F. Wise
- Céline A. J Godard-codding
- Elena E Hernandez-ramon
- Iain Kerr
- James T. F Wise
- John Pierce Wise Jr.
- John Pierce Wise Sr.
- Kathyayini V Divi
- Letizia Marsili
- Maria Cristina Fossi
- Miriam C Poirier
- Nancy Si
- Rao L Divi
- Sandra S. Wise
Organizations
- Albemarle Corporation
- Army Research Office
- Campbell Foundation
- National Cancer Institute
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- North Carolina State University
- Ocean Alliance
- Texas Tech University
- University of Louisville
- University of Louisville School of Medicine
- University of Maine System
- University of Siena
- University of Southern Maine