Diets Higher in Animal and Plant Protein Are Associated with Lower Adiposity and Do Not Impair Kidney Function in US Adults
Abstract
High protein diets are associated with lower adiposity and higher HDL‐C. Whether these benefits can be attributed to a specific protein source (i.e. non‐dairy animal, plant, dairy) is unknown and concerns remain regarding the impact of higher protein diets on kidney function. Data from NHANES 2007–10 (n=10,977; 19+ y) were combined to evaluate decile trends of protein type on markers of cardiometabolic risk and kidney function. Variables were adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, physical activity, poverty‐income ratio, smoking habits, individual intake (g/kg) for each of the other 2 protein types, BMI (except for weight related variables) and macronutrient (CHO, fiber, total fat and SFA) intake. Total protein intake was 82.3 ± 0.8 g/d (animal: 37.4 ± 0.5, plant: 24.7 ± 0.3, dairy: 13.4 ± 0.3 g/d). Both BMI and waist circumference were inversely associated with animal (β= −0.20, P <0.0001; β= −0.51, P <0.0001, respectively) and plant (β= −0.35, P <0.0001; β= −0.83, P <0.0001, respectively) protein intake. Blood urea nitrogen concentrations increased across deciles for animal (β= 0.31, P <0.0001, D1–D10: 11.6 ± 0.2 to 14.9 ± 0.3 mg/dL) and dairy (β= 0.20, P <0.0001, D1–D10: 12.7 ± 0.2 to 13.9 ± 0.2 mg/dL) but not plant protein intake. Glomerular filtration rate and blood creatinine were not associated with protein intake. Diets higher in plant and animal protein, independent of other dietary factors, are associated with improved cardiometabolic risk, particularly central adiposity, and do not impair kidney function in US adults.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Apr 01, 2016
- Source ID
- 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1164.1
Entities
People
- Claire E Berryman
- Harris R Lieberman
- Sanjiv Agarwal
- Stefan M. Pasiakos
- Victor L. Fulgoni Iii
Organizations
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- United States Army Medical Research and Development Command
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine