A High Serum Vanin‐1 Phenotype is Not Unique to Diving Marine Mammals
Abstract
Diving marine mammals have elevated levels of antioxidant proteins in their tissues to counter oxidative stress in part due to diving. A proteomic study of bottlenose dolphin serum identified and measured the highest concentration of pantetheinase (Vanin‐1) for any mammal. Vanin‐1 is known to produce the antioxidant, cysteamine, from the vitamin B5 precursor, pantetheine. High levels of this protein may represent an adaptation or response to diving in marine mammals. If this is true, then elevated levels of circulating Vanin‐1 may be a state shared amongst, but unique to, diving marine mammals. To test this hypothesis, sera from a diving pinniped (N=6), California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), were assayed for Vanin‐1 concentration by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using parallel reaction monitoring. Commercially purchased sera from 9 terrestrial species belonging to five different mammalian orders: Rodentia (Muridae), Primates (Hominidae), Cetartiodactyla (Suidae and Bovidae), Perissodactyla (Equidae), and Carnivora (Canidae) were also monitored via product ion scan for a tryptic peptide homologous to the sea lion Vanin‐1 peptide. The presence of the monitored Vanin‐1 peptide was detected in 5/6 sea lion samples as defined by a lower limit of detection of 3.7 μg/mL, which was calculated by 3.3σ of the lowest standard used in an external calibration curve. Only 3/6 serum samples had measureable concentrations above the lower limit of quantification of 5 μg/mL, which was calculated by 10σ of the lowest standard. Of those samples above the lower limit of quantification the mean ± standard deviation of Vanin‐1 concentration was 5.7 μg/mL ±0.4. Monitoring of serum Vanin‐1 by product ion scan in terrestrial mammals revealed a signal that was well above the lower limit of quantification in sheep, cow, goat, donkey, and horse, but not detected in pig or dog. Product ion scan data in these species were consistent with proteomic rank data. These findings indicate that a high circulating Vanin‐1 phenotype is not unique to diving marine mammals. Data suggest that an elevated Vanin‐1 phenotype is shared amongst some members of the clade Ungulata, which includes the orders Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla, within which fall cetaceans.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Apr 01, 2017
- Source ID
- 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.768.7
Entities
People
- Baylye K. Boxall
- Benjamin A. Neely
- Frances Gulland
- James O. Lloyd‐smith
- Katherine Prager
- Michael G. Janech
Organizations
- College of Charleston
- Medical University of South Carolina
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- Office of Naval Research
- The Marine Mammal Center
- United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation
- University of California, Los Angeles