Changing resource landscapes and spillover of henipaviruses
Abstract
Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) provide critical pollination and seed dispersal services to forest ecosystems across Africa, Asia, and Australia. In each of these regions, pteropodids have been identified as natural reservoir hosts for henipaviruses. The genus Henipavirus includes Hendra virus and Nipah virus, which regularly spill over from bats to domestic animals and humans in Australia and Asia, and a suite of largely uncharacterized African henipaviruses. Rapid change in fruit bat habitat and associated shifts in their ecology and behavior are well documented, with evidence suggesting that altered diet, roosting habitat, and movement behaviors are increasing spillover risk of bat‐borne viruses. We review the ways that changing resource landscapes affect the processes that culminate in cross‐species transmission of henipaviruses, from reservoir host density and distribution to within‐host immunity and recipient host exposure. We evaluate existing evidence and highlight gaps in knowledge that are limiting our understanding of the ecological drivers of henipavirus spillover. When considering spillover in the context of land‐use change, we emphasize that it is especially important to disentangle the effects of habitat loss and resource provisioning on these processes, and to jointly consider changes in resource abundance, quality, and composition.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Aug 23, 2018
- Source ID
- 10.1111/nyas.13910
Entities
People
- Alison J. Peel
- Cecilia A Sánchez
- Daniel E. Crowley
- Daniel J. Becker
- Devin N. Jones
- Maureen K Kessler
- Nathan V. Justice
- Peggy Eby
- Raina K. Plowright
- Tamika Lunn
Organizations
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Griffith University
- Montana State University
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- National Science Foundation
- Odum School of Ecology
- Queensland Government
- Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program
- University of New South Wales