Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of thin film Li1+xMn2−xO4 for realization of all solid-state 3D lithium-ion microbatteries
Abstract
The plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process for MnO2 was demonstrated, exhibiting self-limiting growth as well as stable composition and stable growth rate over a temperature window of 205–265 °C. The PEALD process for MnO2 was combined with the thermal ALD process for LiOH to synthesize Li1+xMn2−xO4 thin film cathodes, where the stoichiometry was effectively controlled to allow for crystallization in the electrochemically active spinel phase. A 3D nanostructure consisting of an Li1+xMn2−xO4 cathode layer, ALD LixAlySizO solid electrolyte, and SiGe nanowire anode was fabricated and characterized via TEM. The Li1+xMn2−xO4 thin films maintained 66% of the areal capacity upon a 100× increase in the rate (4–360 μA cm−2) as well as 97% capacity retention over 100 cycles at ∼5C. The ALD Li1+xMn2−xO4 thin films exhibited a volumetric capacity of 52 μAh cm−2 μm−1 at a C-rate of ∼0.5C and, coupled with the high operating voltage (4.0 V), offer some of best areal energy densities for ALD thin film cathodes, making it a viable material for integration with 3D lithium-ion microbatteries.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Dec 21, 2020
- Source ID
- 10.1116/6.0000644
Entities
People
- Bruce Dunn
- Danielle M. Butts
- Jane P. Chang
- Jinkyoung Yoo
- Katherine Jungjohann
- Ryan Sheil
Organizations
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Office of Naval Research
- Sandia National Laboratories
- University of California, Los Angeles