The Hydroxyquinoline Analogue YUM70 Inhibits GRP78 to Induce ER Stress–Mediated Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer
Abstract
GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa) is a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. Cancer cells are highly proliferative and have high demand for protein synthesis and folding, which results in significant stress on the ER. To respond to ER stress and maintain cellular homeostasis, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) that promotes either survival or apoptotic death. Cancer cells utilize the UPR to promote survival and growth. In this study, we describe the discovery of a series of novel hydroxyquinoline GRP78 inhibitors. A representative analogue, YUM70, inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and showed in vivo efficacy in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model with no toxicity to normal tissues. YUM70 directly bound GRP78 and inactivated its function, resulting in ER stress–mediated apoptosis. A YUM70 analogue conjugated with BODIPY showed colocalization of the compound with GRP78 in the ER. Moreover, a YUM70-PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera) was synthesized to force degradation of GRP78 in pancreatic cancer cells. YUM70 showed a strong synergistic cytotoxicity with topotecan and vorinostat. Together, our study demonstrates that YUM70 is a novel inducer of ER stress, with preclinical efficacy as a monotherapy or in combination with topoisomerase and HDAC inhibitors in pancreatic cancer.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Feb 02, 2021
- Source ID
- 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1540
Entities
People
- Amy S. Lee
- Bikash Debnath
- Ding Xue
- Kavya Ramkumar
- Mats Ljungman
- Nouri Neamati
- Soma Samanta
- Suhui Yang
- Yuting Kuang
Organizations
- National Institutes of Health
- United States Department of Defense
- University of Michigan
- University of Southern California