Underwater Time-Gated Standoff Raman Sensor for In Situ Chemical Sensing
Abstract
We describe the fabrication of an underwater time-gated standoff Raman sensor, consisting of a custom Raman spectrometer, custom scanner, and commercial diode-pumped pulsed 532 nm laser all located inside a pressure housing. The Raman sensor was tested in the laboratory with samples in air, a tank containing tap water and seawater, and in the coastal Hawaiian harbor. We demonstrate our new system by presenting standoff Raman spectra of some of the chemicals used in homemade explosive devices and improvised explosive devices, including sulfur, nitrates, chlorates, and perchlorates up to a distance of ∼6 m in seawater and tap water. Finally, the Raman spectra of these hazardous chemicals sealed inside plastic containers submersed in the Hawaiian Harbor water are also presented.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Mar 12, 2021
- Source ID
- 10.1177/00037028211001923
Entities
People
- Anupam K Misra
- Bruce M Howe
- John N. Porter
- Mark R. Rognstad
- Miles J. Egan
- Shiv K. Sharma
- Tayro E. Acosta-maeda
Organizations
- Office of Naval Research
- University of Hawaiʻi System