Coloration mechanisms and phylogeny of Morpho butterflies
Abstract
Morpho butterflies are universally admired for their iridescent blue coloration, which is due to nanostructured wing scales. We performed a comparative study on the coloration of 16 Morpho species, investigating the morphological, spectral and spatial scattering properties of the differently organized wing scales. In numerous previous studies, the bright blue Morpho coloration has been fully attributed to the multi-layered ridges of the cover scales' upper laminae, but we found that the lower laminae of the cover and ground scales play an important additional role, by acting as optical thin film reflectors. We conclude that Morpho coloration is a subtle combination of overlapping pigmented and/or unpigmented scales, multilayer systems, optical thin films and sometimes undulated scale surfaces. Based on the scales' architecture and their organization, five main groups can be distinguished within the genus Morpho, largely agreeing with the accepted phylogeny.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Dec 15, 2016
- Source ID
- 10.1242/jeb.148726
Entities
People
- C. Liu
- D. G. Stavenga
- Marco Giraldo
- S. Yoshioka
Organizations
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Georgia Tech
- Tokyo University of Science
- University of Antioquia
- University of Groningen