Charge and field driven integrated optical modulators: comparative analysis: opinion
Abstract
Electro optic modulators being key for many signal processing systems must adhere to requirements given by both electrical and optical constraints. Distinguishing between charge driven (CD) and field driven (FD) designs, we answer the question of whether fundamental performance benefits can be claimed of modulators based on emerging electro-optic materials. Following primary metrics, we compare the performance of emerging electro-optic and electro-absorption modulators such as graphene, transparent conductive oxides, and Si, based on charge injection with that of the ‘legacy’ FD modulators, such as those based on lithium niobate and quantum confined Stark effect. We show that for rather fundamental reasons and when considering energy and speed only, FD modulators always outperform CD ones in the conventional wavelength scale photonic waveguides. However, for waveguides featuring a sub-wavelength optical mode, such as those assisted by plasmonics, the emerging CD devices are indeed highly competitive especially for applications where component-density on-chip is a factor.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Apr 04, 2022
- Source ID
- 10.1364/ome.452872
Entities
People
- Jacob B Khurgin
- Rubab Amin
- Volker Sorger
Organizations
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- George Washington University
- Johns Hopkins University
- National Science Foundation Directorate for Engineering