Parity–time symmetric optical neural networks
Abstract
Optical neural networks (ONNs), implemented on an array of cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), have recently been proposed as a possible replacement for conventional deep learning hardware. They potentially offer higher energy efficiency and computational speed when compared to their electronic counterparts. By utilizing tunable phase shifters, one can adjust the output of each of MZI to enable emulation of arbitrary matrix–vector multiplication. These phase shifters are central to the programmability of ONNs, but they require a large footprint and are relatively slow. Here we propose an ONN architecture that utilizes parity–time (PT) symmetric couplers as its building blocks. Instead of modulating phase, gain–loss contrasts across the array are adjusted as a means to train the network. We demonstrate that PT symmetric ONNs (PT-ONNs) are adequately expressive by performing the digit-recognition task on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset. Compared to conventional ONNs, the PT-ONN achieves a comparable accuracy (67% versus 71%) while circumventing the problems associated with changing phase. Our approach may lead to new and alternative avenues for fast training in chip-scale ONNs.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Oct 18, 2021
- Source ID
- 10.1364/optica.435525
Entities
People
- Haoqin Deng
- Mercedeh Khajavikhan
Organizations
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Army Research Office
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- National Science Foundation
- Office of Naval Research
- University of Southern California