Tumor-Derived Exosomes in Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types and present in all body fluids. Based on the studies of exosome content and their interactions with recipient cells, exosomes are now thought to mediate “targeted” information transfer. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) carry a cargo of molecules different from that of normal cell-derived exosomes. TEX functions to mediate distinct biological effects such as receptor discharge and intercellular cross-talk. The immune system defenses, which may initially restrict tumor progression, are progressively blunted by the broad array of TEX molecules that activate suppressive pathways in different immune cells. Herein, we provide a review of the latest research progress on TEX in the context of tumor-mediated immune suppression and discuss the potential as well as challenges of TEX as a target of immunotherapy.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Jan 27, 2022
- Source ID
- 10.3390/ijms23031461
Entities
People
- Jay Vadgama
- Piwen Wang
- Qiongyu Hao
- Yanyuan Wu
- Yong Wu
Organizations
- National Cancer Institute
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
- National Institutes of Health
- United States Department of Defense