Influence of Epoxidized Cardanol Functionality and Reactivity on Network Formation and Properties
Abstract
Cardanol is a renewable resource based on cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), which consists of a phenol ring with a C15 long aliphatic side chain in the meta position with varying degrees of unsaturation. Cardanol glycidyl ether was chemically modified to form side-chain epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether (SCECGE) with an average epoxy functionality of 2.45 per molecule and was cured with petroleum-based epoxy hardeners, 4-4′-methylenebis(cyclohexanamine) and diethylenetriamine, and a cardanol-based amine hardener. For comparison, cardanol-based diphenol diepoxy resin, NC514 (Cardolite), and a petroleum-based epoxy resin, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) were also evaluated. Chemical and thermomechanical analyses showed that for SCECGE resins, incomplete cure of the secondary epoxides led to reduced cross-link density, reduced thermal stability, and reduced elongation at break when compared with difunctional resins containing only primary epoxides. However, because of functionality greater than two, amine-cured SCECGE produced a Tg very similar to that of NC514 and thus could be useful in formulating epoxy with renewable cardanol content.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Pub Defense Publication
- Publication Date
- Aug 29, 2020
- Source ID
- 10.3390/polym12091956
Entities
People
- Emre Kinaci
- Erde Can
- Giuseppe R Palmese
- John J. La Scala
Organizations
- United States Army Research Laboratory