ULTRASONIC RELAXATION IN ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTIONS: 1. A REVIEW
Abstract
The available relaxation data for electrolytes is reviewed and critically evaluated. Ultrasonic relaxation theory is reviewed with particular reference to solutions of electrolytes. Specific processes include the relaxation of the ionic atmosphere surrounding ions in solution, and unimolecular and dissociation reactions. The theoretical treatment of the multiple relaxation effects associated with consecutive equilibria is reviewed. Eigen (1958-61) has shown that the observed acoustic absorption data in divalent sulfates can be explained on the basis of the step-wise loss of hydration water from between the partners of cation-anion ion pairs. This mechanism is used to examine critically the ultrasonic absorption data in solutions of divalent sulfates, thiosulfates, and chromates. A number of proton-transfer reactions (e.g. hydrolysis or acid-base dissociation) have been studied by several relaxational techniques. Rate constants for reactions between ions in aqueous solution approach the theoretical limiting values anticipated for primarily diffusion-controlled processes. Representative values are collected and discussed in relation to the mechanisms responsible for the relaxation effects. A brief survey of experimental methods for measuring ultrasonic absorption is given in an appendix.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jul 01, 1962
- Accession Number
- AD0282814
Entities
People
- Ernest Yeager
- John Stuehr