SANITARY INVESTIGATION OF THE WATER SOURCE AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF IZMIR, TURKEY.
Abstract
Three hundred seventy water samples for bacteriological and chlorine analysis were taken from the water source, water factory, reservoirs and distribution system in the Alsancak section of Izmir, Turkey from June 1967 to June 1968. The chemical quality of the Izmir water was excellent and met European Drinking Water Standards. The main water source (Halkapinar Springs) and the distribution system were often contaminated with organisms of the coliform and fecal streptococcus groups. Contamination of the source is probably at least partially animal but may, especially in the winter rainy season, be potentially human and thus might serve to transmit enteric infections such as shigellosis and infectious hepatitis. Also skin furunculosis and lower genito-urinary tract infections may be slightly increased from bathing in this water during times of high contamination. At 31C (88F) the recommended 0.6 ppm HOCl (hypochlorous acid) could be achieved by adding 336 kilograms of chlorine gas to the 40 million gallons of water consumed per day at a cost of 672 Turkish lira. At 38F one drop of sodium hypochlorite containing 5.25 percent available chlorine (Clorox) is required per 1 1/2 quarts of water. After the required 30 minutes chlorine contact time, this concentration of HOCl should assure a potable drinking water. For tub baths at 110F, the addition of about 3/4 teaspoon (3.8 ml) of sodium hypochlorite to 42 gallons of tub water 5 minutes before bathing would be expected to reduce the incidence of any furunculosis or lower genito-urinary tract infections due to the bath water. (Author)
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Aug 01, 1968
- Accession Number
- AD0674601
Entities
People
- David R. Necker
- Earnest Richardson
- John K. Gibeau
- William K. Nix
Organizations
- United States Department of the Air Force