CONDITIONS FOR SPONTANEOUS FORMATION OF HIGHLY DISPERSED, CONCENTRATED EMULSIONS. I. DEPENDENCE OF THE DEGREE OF DISPERSION OF EMULSIONS ON THE MOLECULAR NATURE OF THE EMULSIFIERS
Abstract
A study has been made of the degree of dispersion of spontaneously formed emulsions of solar oil, obtained with ammonium oleate, sodium naphthenic soap, sodium butylnaphthelene sulfonate (Nekal), and with mixtures of ammonium oleate with sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate, and ammonium oleate with Petrov kontakt sodium soap. The dispersion analysis data are correlated with the hydrophily (affinity for water) of the emulsifiers, a relative measure of which is taken to be the value of the surface activity at the aqueous solution - air boundary of separation. From surface tension data, the emulsifiers investigated give the following hydrophily series: ammonium oleate < naphthenic soap < Petrov kontakt soap < sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate. A possible explanation of the results is that a mixture is equivalent to a 'balanced emuslifier' and in it the defects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic emulsifiers as emulsion stabilizers are mutually compensated. Naphthenic soap is 'balanced emulsifier,' as is shown by its medium surface activity. The use of a mixture of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic emulsifier, or of an emulsifier with medium hydrophilic properties, evidently also favors maximum utilization of the oil in the emulsol in the form of a highly dispersed emuslified phase.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 01, 1955
- Accession Number
- AD0682587
Entities
People
- E. M. Spivakova
Organizations
- United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories