THE DIELECTRIC RELAXATION SPECTRA OF WATER, ICE, AND AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION. VIII. TRANSFER OF PROTONS THROUGH 'PURE' ICE I(h) SINGLE CRYSTALS. I. POLARIZATION SPECTRA OF ICE I(h). II. MOLECULAR MODELS FOR POLARIZATION AND CONDUCTION. III. EXTRINSIC- VERSUS INTRINSIC POLARIZATION; SURFACE- VERSUS VOLUME CONDUCTION.
Abstract
The report consists of three scientific papers, the outcome of three years of experimental work on ice I(h) single crystals and its theoretical interpretation. In the first paper a short description is given of crystal growing and sample handling techniques and of equipment covering the range (10 to the 5th) to (8 x 10 to the -3rd) Hz, 0C to -180C. Rigorous control of error limits and an improved computerized evaluation procedure alloys to resolve the dielectric spectrum of ice into four significant components with very characteristic trends. The interpretation of these data requires new models developed in the second paper. The third paper supplements the a-c polarization studies by d-c and transient measurements ranging from 0.01 to 40000 V/cm, from nanoamperes to microamp. and from 100 microseconds to 3 hrs. It appears that an ideal ice crystal seems really to have no ionic charge carrier transport through its volume but a very strong one along its surfaces. Instead of a saturation current we find a small extrinsic saturation charge, extractable in high fields and giving no evidence of a special proton transfer mechanism across hydrogen bridges. Aged single-crystal samples show six clearly separated relaxation spectra. Many contradictory statements in the literature about activation energies of conduction, etc., become clarified experimentally and understood. (Author)
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Feb 01, 1970
- Accession Number
- AD0702073
Entities
People
- Arthur R. Von Hippel
- Dieter B. Knoll
- Modesto A. Maidique
- W. B. Westphal
Organizations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology