COUPLING OF SCIENCE TO TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT (REVIEW OF CONCEPTS AND LESSONS ABOUT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COUPLING: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT POLICIES),
Abstract
The paper defines coupling as a multidirectional flow of information which brings the social problems, goals and requirements into productive association with the potential of science and technology. It describes coupling dimensions and reviews a number of lessons derived from experience of those who performed or aided in the performance of coupling functions. The report concludes that productive science-technology coupling usually occurs as a by-product of other worthwhile objectives and seldom as a result of the management's attempt to show that productive coupling exists. The adequacy of coupling can be evaluated only if there is a clear definition of what kind of coupling is being considered. Since there are many natural and man-made obstacles to coupling, successful coupling programs require strong support of top and middle managements, presence of clear and challenging objectives, existence of reasonably attractive incentives and committment of adequate resources. (Author)
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Oct 01, 1969
- Accession Number
- AD0704569
Entities
People
- Alexander G. Hoshovsky
- Ernest P. Luke