Underwater Lighting by Submerged Lasers and Incandescent Sources

Abstract

Underwater lighting at virtually all distances (including long ranges) produced by submerged lasers (pulsed and continuous) was measured on- axis and at off-axis angles out to 90 degrees in seven types of water. All of these data are summarized by a single closed form equation for engineering use. Computer studies using this equation have extrapolated the data to other types of water. The equation can predict the performance of submerged lasers operating at any wavelength. Methods for measuring the applicable optical constants of natural waters are described. Techniques for long-range underwater photography using conventional light sources are illustrated and supplemented by engineering equations.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Jun 01, 1971
Accession Number
AD0730721

Entities

People

  • Seibert Q. Duntley

Organizations

  • Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Air Platforms
  • Cyber
  • Energy and Power Technologies
  • Sensors
  • Space

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Cameras
  • Diffraction
  • Electromagnetic Scattering
  • Geometry
  • Laser Beams
  • Lasers
  • Light (Electromagnetic Radiation)
  • Light Sources
  • Measurement
  • Oceanography
  • Optical Properties
  • Optics
  • Photographs
  • Photography
  • Refractive Index
  • Scattering
  • Test Facilities

Readers

  • Control Systems Engineering.
  • Optical Physics and Photonics.
  • Underwater engineering and Marine Technology.

Technology Areas

  • Directed Energy