Development of a Low-Density Ammonium Nitrate/Fuel Oil Explosive and Modeling of Its Detonation Properties

Abstract

A low-density ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) explosive was developed by diluting the normal density explosive with low-density polystyrene beads. Stable detonations were achieved in mixtures having densities over the range 0.5 to 0.9 gm/cc. The detonation velocity was found to decrease approximately linearly with decreasing density. The explosive was found to have a long reaction time and required large charges with propagation distances on the order of 100 to 150 cm to establish a steady-state detonation. The buildup of the detonation wave to its steady-state velocity was successfully modeled using a grain-burning reaction rate theory with a reaction time constant of 100 microsec. A mixture having a density of 0.75 gm/cc was selected as the explosive for the MINE THROW II Event and a mathematical model of its detonation properties was developed for use in the charge design calculations.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Oct 01, 1974
Accession Number
AD0787617

Entities

People

  • Dana Randall
  • M. W. Mckay
  • S. L. Hancock

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Air Platforms
  • Counter IED

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Ammonium Nitrate
  • Charge Density
  • Chemical Reactions
  • Detonation Waves
  • Equations
  • Explosives
  • Fuel Oils
  • Fuels
  • Heat Of Activation
  • Ignition
  • Low Density
  • Materials
  • Materials Laboratories
  • Reaction Time
  • Rocket Oxidizers
  • Simulations
  • Steady State

Fields of Study

  • Physics

Readers

  • Explosive Engineering.
  • Mathematics or Statistics
  • Rocket Propulsion.