Airborne Temperature Surveys of Lake Michigan, October 1966-October 1967

Abstract

Low-altitude surface water temperature mapping flights were carried out over Lake Michigan on 18 October 1966 and 25 October 1967, by the U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office Super Constellation, EL COYOTE, equipped with a Barnes Engineering Company Model 14-320 Airborne Radiation Thermometer. During the 1966 flight, a strong surface water thermal gradient (4.4 deg C/6000m) was observed to originate near-shore approximately one-third the way up the west shore of the lake, parallel the shoreline to approximately three-fifths of the distance up the lake, where it turned northeastward to the middle of the lake basin, where it again swung northward and became more diffuse. The surface thermal gradient was accompanied by a sharp visual color change, with the warm, green water to the east of the thermal gradient. Dynamic height currents computed from a BT transect through the gradient indicated a northward current (named the COYOTE CURRENT) of the order of 10-12 cm/sec in the gradient zone. The thermal structure persisted for a week. A similar temperature gradient - color separation - dynamic height current feature was observed paralleling the western shoreline during 1967. High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) data from NIMBUS II meteorological satellite for 7 September and 6 October 1966, show a large, weak structure in the radiation temperature patterns that might be interpreted as precursors of the Coyote Current structure.

Open PDF

Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
May 01, 1969
Accession Number
AD0858782

Entities

People

  • John C. Wilkerson
  • Vincent E. Noble

Organizations

  • Naval Oceanographic Office

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Space

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Airborne
  • Artificial Satellites
  • Color Separation
  • Department Of Defense
  • Great Lakes
  • Grids
  • Isotherms
  • Lake Michigan
  • Measurement
  • Meteorological Satellites
  • Michigan
  • Radiation
  • Research Facilities
  • Surface Temperature
  • Temperature Gradients
  • United States
  • Water

Fields of Study

  • Environmental science

Readers

  • Atmospheric Remote Sensing.
  • Riverine Ecology
  • Space/Atmospheric Physics.

Technology Areas

  • Space