Electromagnetic Radiation Signatures from 0.2 to 14.0 Micrometers for Target and Background Materials and Scene Energy Sources for Naval Night Sensing
Abstract
To define the factors whereby Naval ships may detect, recognize, and identify military targets during night operations at sea, the reported research first assembled all available data describing the electromagnetic characteristics of each material comprising the target and background scene. Targets included ships, airplanes, and shore installations; and backgrounds included sea water, the sky, and shore materials. The scope of the study included the wavelength range from 0.2 to 14.0 micrometers, the world's temperate and tropical zones, and clear atmosphere conditions. After the principal illumination sources proved to be the moon, stars, nightglow, and tropospheric thermal radiation, the radiation of each was quantified into absolute values of radiometric units such as spectral irradiance in watts per square meter, and the total spectral energy of each on the earth's surface was calculated for horizontal and vertical surfaces. After the emittance and reflectance data for the most important target and background materials were collected, they were computer-standardized and -processed to yield Calcomp plots of reflectance and emittance versus wavelength. The results presented in this report serve as the first complete set of such data in one document. In addition, the Bibliography presents a computer tabulation of 639 documents pertinent to this study.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jul 01, 1970
- Accession Number
- AD0875603
Entities
People
- Harold P. Zimmerman
- James E. Hawkins
- Patrick D. Fligor