Condensation of Nitrogen in a Hypersonic Nozzle Flow Field

Abstract

Condensation of nitrogen in a hypersonic flow field produced by a small, 14.5-deg half-angle conical nozzle exhausting into vacuum has been studied using Rayleigh scattered radiation. Concomital measurements for the plume far-field gas density and rotational temperature were obtained using the electron beam fluorescence methods. Near-field plume gas density measurements were made with Raman scattering. The data taken were spatially resolved and had an axial extent of 14 < or = x/D < or = 220. Radial scans were made at selected axial locations. The onset of condensation was observed, both as a function of reservoir pressure and as a function of axial location for selected reservoir pressures. The density data show that the condensation process does not markedly affect the plume density, except at the highest reservoir pressure. However, there is a significant effect on the rotational temperature, with the rotational temperature increasing with mass fraction condensed. Data obtained from the uncondensed portions of the plume were in good agreement with isentropic method of characteristics calculations. An approach for calculation of condensation effects is developed, and resulting calculations are in order of magnitude agreement with the experimental measurements.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
May 01, 1974
Accession Number
AD0919337

Entities

People

  • C. C. Limbaugh
  • H. M. Powell
  • James W. Lewis
  • L. L. Price
  • M. Kinslow

Organizations

  • Arnold Engineering Development Complex

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Air Platforms
  • Energy and Power Technologies

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Air Force
  • Computer Programs
  • Computers
  • Electromagnetic Radiation
  • Electron Beams
  • Far Field
  • Flow Fields
  • Flow Visualization
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Hypersonic Flow
  • Latent Heat
  • Light Scattering
  • Measurement
  • Particle Size
  • Pressure Measurement
  • Scattering
  • Waveplates

Fields of Study

  • Physics

Readers

  • Combustion and Flow Dynamics.
  • Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics.

Technology Areas

  • Directed Energy
  • Directed Energy - Lasers
  • Directed Energy - Pulsed-Laser Deposition
  • Hypersonics
  • Hypersonics - Hypersonic Flight
  • Hypersonics - Hypersonic Flow
  • Microelectronics