Ecological Systems Theory: Using Spheres of Influence to Support Small-unit Climate and Training
Abstract
Army teams operate in a complex organization that has many systems and levels. These small units (e.g., teams, squads) are generally studied from a process perspective, which posits that teams develop by progressing through a series of phases or stages (e.g., forming, storming, norming, performing). However, there is evidence that teams with standardized norms, differentiated team member roles, and interdependence among team members do not follow traditional team development processes. In contrast to taking snapshots of team development during a specified phase, ecological systems theory takes into account the roles, responsibilities, and influence of individuals inside and outside of the team. In the Army Ecological System (ARES), sphere of influence is used to describe individuals who have the ability to affect change and development within a system. These individuals affect the tasks, behaviors, and policies that are located at each system level. The ARES model is discussed, and a conceptual representation of the Soldier Ecological System (SEcoS) is presented. Test and validation of ARES is also discussed. Future research will investigate how ecological systems analysis can be used to better understand roles and spheres of influence at the individual, small unit, and military community level.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Mar 01, 2016
- Accession Number
- AD1009046
Entities
People
- Tywanquila L Walker
Organizations
- U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences