Deep Discharge Characteristics of LiMn2O4-dCld Cathode Material
Abstract
A family of lithium manganese AB(2)O(4-d)X(d) materials was synthesized and evaluated as a cathode for lithium and lithium-ion electrochemical systems. The reversible region for the Li//Li(x)Mn(2)O(4-d)Cl(d) electrochemical couple was found to be on the order of 0.05 < x < 1.75 in a two step thermodynamic charge-discharge profile. The high voltage twin plateau is centered on 3.95 volts and 4.35 volts and the low voltage plateau is centered on a potential of 2.85 volts. In comparison, Li//Li(x)Mn(2)O(4) (non-doped lithium manganese-based AB(2)O(4) spinel materials) needs to be maintained at 0.05 < x < 1.00 and at a potential greater than 3.25 volts in order to maintain rechargeablity. Additionally, the ability to discharge the Li//Li(x)Mn(2)O(4-d)Cl(d) electrochemical system below 3.25 volts increases the capacity of the lithium spinel electrochemical couple nearly twofold.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jun 12, 2014
- Accession Number
- AD1017927
Entities
People
- Paula C. Latorre
- Terrill B. Atwater