Transfusing the Lifeblood of an Army: Combat Replacements and Effectiveness in the European Theater of Operations

Abstract

Casualties are an unpleasant fact of combat. For a fighting force to retain its effectiveness, casualties require replacements. Those two ideas are deceptively simple to understand. The notion that men will die or receive wounds on the battlefield and require replacements seems so obvious that it nearly precludes deep, deliberate thought on the processes involved in providing necessary replacements. Moreover, the number of replacements anticipated for a given action must be sufficient to sustain the effectiveness of the fielded unit. Failure to adequately prepare and provide combat replacements can have devastating results. Unfortunately, the concerns for adequately providing reinforcements to a force conducting sustained combat operations appear to be lessons learned, shelved, and only reconsidered after they are needed again. In the European Theater of Operations (ETO) during World War II replacements proved to be the lifeblood of the fielded armies. The purpose of this paper is to highlight briefly a historiographical arc that demonstrates the combat effectiveness of U.S. forces in the ETO matched or exceeded the Wehrmacht, and that combat replacements proved to be a significant factor enabling United States performance.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Mar 01, 2010
Accession Number
AD1020166

Entities

People

  • Jeffery P. Lucas

Organizations

  • Air Command and Staff College

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Human Systems

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Air Force
  • Army
  • Army Personnel
  • Casualties
  • Combat Effectiveness
  • Combat Forces
  • Combat Operations
  • Infantry
  • Military Organizations
  • Second World War
  • Students
  • United States
  • United States Government
  • Universities
  • War
  • War Colleges
  • Warfare

Readers

  • Educational Psychology
  • Life Cycle Cost Analysis
  • Military History / Militaries and War Studies