Pilot Study of the Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in a Swine (Sus scrofa) and Sheep (Ovis aries) Model
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: TXA is routinely administered by the intravenous (IV) route. However, in a field setting establishing IV access can be difficult, so we examined the pharmacokinetics of TXA administered to pigs and sheep by intraosseous (IO) and intramuscular (IM) routes, compared to the IV route. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two cohorts of 3 pigs and sheep were administered one gram TXA by the IV, IM or IO route, respectively. Twelve serum samples were obtained over a 6-hour period, and TXA concentrations were determined. Traditional compartmental PK modeling was performed to determine drug pharmacokinetics. RESULTS: Plots of TXA concentrations in serum from pigs and sheep demonstrated that the curves are similar for IV, IO and IM routes. There were differences in bioavailability depending on route and species, and the drug half-life was shorter in pigs, compared to sheep. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this pilot study, TXA delivered by IO and IM routes has potential to be a viable alternative to IV administration. Investigations should be expanded to human studies to further explore these alternative routes of administration of TXA. More data is needed to determine ideal dosages via these novel routes as well as the bioavailability profile during ongoing hemorrhage.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Apr 05, 2016
- Accession Number
- AD1024021
Entities
People
- Lucas Neff
Organizations
- David Grant USAF Medical Center