A Proposed Mechanism of Neuronal Injury in Pilots and Aircrew Personnel with Hypobaric Exposure

Abstract

Background: U-2 pilots display an increased incidence of white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI compared to healthy age-matched controls (non-pilots). U-2 pilots demonstrate reduced neurocognitive performance associated with burden of WMH. WMH are a marker of cerebral integrity and associated with cognitive decline. Similar findings of increased WMH have been replicated in aircrew personnel with non-hypoxic hypobaric exposure via altitude chamber training. Aircrew personnel undergo training per standard USAF procedure in altitude chambers that simulate conditions at 25,000 feet. Sessions are 30 minutes long and 100/o oxygen is provided continuously via chamber masks. Goals of Ongoing Studies. What is the mechanism of WMH formation in non-hypoxic hypobaria? Microemboli, breakdown of BBB, neuroinflammation? Is there a specific pattern of cellular injury? Cyto-architectural changes, metabolic changes? Glial cells, neuronal cells, axons?Are there measurable changes in the brain prior to WMH formation? How early after exposure can changes be detected?

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Apr 22, 2017
Accession Number
AD1037154

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  • Michael Hossack

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  • 59th Medical Wing

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  • Auditory Neuroscience/Auditory Physiology.
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  • Neuroscience