Russia's Hostile Measures: Combating Russian Gray Zone Aggression Against NATO in the Contact, Blunt, and Surge Layers of Competition
Abstract
This appendix accompanies the RAND report Russias Hostile Measures: Combating Russian Gray Zone Aggression Against NATO in the Contact, Blunt, and Surge Layers of Competition and a second appendix presenting detailed case studies of Russian uses of hostile measures in the post-Soviet era. Both are available online at www.rand.org/t/RR2539. Here, we present ahistorical overview of Soviet hostile measures between 1917 and the end of the Cold War, with a brief discussion of relevant pre-Soviet history. The history and evolution of Russias hostile measures provide context to help North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) leaders and those of its member states better understand current Russian behavior. We establish a timeline, sketch out Soviet-era institutional actors and capability development, identify broad security challenges that have motivated action over time, and describe the evolution and institutionalization of hostile-measures tactics as employed in several regional engagements.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 01, 2020
- Accession Number
- AD1090553
Entities
People
- Brenna Allen
- Stephanie Young
Organizations
- RAND Corporation