Operational Symbols: Can a Picture be Worth a Thousand Words?
Abstract
This monograph determines if there is a potential to capture the essence of operational design through the use of graphic symbols. Although Army Field Manual 101-5-1, Operational Terms and Graphics is well suited for use at the tactical level of war, it is somewhat inadequate for the conduct of joint campaign planning and execution. There appears to be a need for clear, simple, and accurate graphics which are useful to the "operational artist." The essential elements of operational design are derived through an examination of campaign planning, the process by which the operational artist translates strategic guidance into operational and tactical actions. The seven tenets of campaigning, as developed by COL William Mendel and LTC Floyd T. Banks, yield several key concepts which seem amenable to a useful portrayal with graphic symbols. Criteria are derived from a basic study of semiotics (the science of symbols) and an understanding of the role of graphic symbols in portraying the relationship between time, space, and purpose pictorially. Additional direction for the formulation of operational graphics is obtained from reviewing the symbol applications of Napoleon, the Second World War era German Army, and the contemporary Soviet Army. Useful operational symbols should be able to portray useful concepts of operational design in a manner that is clear, simple, and accurate. Over twenty-three different operational graphics are portrayed in accordance with the established criteria, providing the operational artist with a unique, and useful method of conceptualizing, designing, and communicating campaign design. When applied in the campaign planning process, the symbols presented in this monograph give the operational artist a new tool with which to envision, develop, communicate, and guide the synchronized application of joint forces in time, space, and purpose.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Apr 28, 1991
- Accession Number
- AD1111435
Entities
People
- Frederick R. Kienle
Organizations
- United States Army Command and General Staff College