Associations Between Affect, Craving, and Smoking in Asian Smokers: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains the largest cause of preventable death in the United States and worldwide. In South Korea and other Asian countries, a large proportion of males smoke, increasing the need to examine cigarette smoking in these populations. Specifically, there is a need to examine psychological processes underlying smoking in East-Asian smokers, as those processes may not be the same as those in Western smokers. For example, research suggests that the association between positive affect and negative affect, and between affect and craving, may differ across cultures. The current study is a secondary data analysis of a 1-week Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study examining the associations between affect, craving, and smoking in Korea smokers. Participants (N=20, Mean Age=21.15, 25% female) completed baseline self-report questionnaires and downloaded an EMA app on their own smartphones, which prompted 4 random assessments (RAs) each day. At each assessment, participants responded to items assessing momentary negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) using a 10-itemversion of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), a single item of craving, and an item assessing number of cigarettes smoked since the previous EMA assessment. Linear mixed models (LMMs) were used to analyze EMA data (544 assessments),separating out between- and within- subject associations. The main results of this study were as follows. First, there was a significant positive association between positive affect and negative affect at the between-subjects level. Second, both positive affect and negative affect were significantly positively associated with craving at both the between subjects and within-subject levels. Third, craving was associated with subsequent smoking behavior at the within-subjects level.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jun 20, 2019
- Accession Number
- AD1127889
Entities
People
- Rebekah G. Gunter
Organizations
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences