North Korean Sanctions Evasion Techniques
Abstract
This report examines the historical background and reasons why the United Nations (UN) imposed sanctions on North Korea after each of the six nuclear weapons tests that it conducted between 2009 and 2016. The report elaborates the various export control and sanctions measures applied to constrain or alter North Koreas proliferation activities. It also explains why sanctions enforcement is important and then proceeds to describe the entities and techniques involved in North Korean sanctions evasion activities. In doing so, the guide focuses on information published by the UN Panel of Experts established pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1718 (2006). The panel is composed of eight experts, including one each from the five permanent member states of the UN Security Council, and the data and judgments that the panel has published can be said to represent a consensus of the international community. In addition to the four principal categories of sanctions evasion techniques, the report focuses on Africa but is intended for customs, immigration, law enforcement, and intelligence officers in all countries affected by North Korean sanctions evasion activities and for the wide variety of practitioners who form touchpoints with the global North Korean sanctions evasion ecosystem.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Sep 01, 2021
- Accession Number
- AD1148457
Entities
People
- King Mallory
Organizations
- RAND Corporation