Emulating Passive Microwave Observations with Patch-to-Pixel Convolutional Neural Networks

Abstract

Geostationary (GEO) satellites such as the GOES constellation are equipped with Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) sensors that have a very high temporal resolution with a very low spatial resolution and provide visible through infrared data every 15 minutes. In contrast, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites with Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GMI) sensors have very high spatial resolution with a low temporal resolution that provide data as infrequently as every 15 hours. The purpose of this research is to study the viability of using the ABI data to regress to a synthetic GMI dataset. Specifically, the focus is on improving the ability to make predictions on the under-represented data points within our dataset and being able to generalize well to future distributions of data. This thesis has created a sampling technique that combines over and under sampling in conjunction with a purpose-built Residual Neural Network to perform regression from multi-spectral ABI data to a single GMI channel. In doing so, we prove that it is possible to predict under-represented values more accurately in datasets when using our sampling method and to generalize well to future data. Using our approach, we predict within 5 Kelvin for 34.5% of the tail of the test data compared to only 24.4% when we used an unsampled dataset. We also are able to prevent our mean absolute error from rising by 1 Kelvin when measured across three test datasets that span a timeframe of five months.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Mar 01, 2022
Accession Number
AD1173323

Entities

People

  • Micky S. Hall

Organizations

  • Naval Postgraduate School

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Energy and Power Technologies
  • Materials and Manufacturing Processes
  • Sensors
  • Space

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Artificial Intelligence Computing
  • Artificial Intelligence Software
  • Artificial Satellites
  • Automata Theory
  • Computer Science
  • Computers
  • Convolutional Neural Networks
  • Data Sets
  • Detectors
  • Earth Orbits
  • Information Science
  • Information Systems
  • Low Earth Orbits
  • Machine Learning
  • Measurement
  • Neural Networks
  • Orbits
  • United States Naval Academy
  • Weather Forecasting

Readers

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics.
  • Neural Network Machine Learning.
  • Spectroscopy.

Technology Areas

  • AI & ML
  • AI & ML - Neural Networks
  • Space