Mechanochemical Nitration of Organic Compounds

Abstract

Nitro-products of organic compounds are useful in many applications; they are widely employed as precursors or components of energetic materials. Industrial nitration generates substantial waste and uses aggressive chemicals, making the process unsafe and environmentally objectionable. This work advances the solvent-free process of mechanochemical nitration of aromatic compounds. Feasibility of such nitration with high yield and rate was shown. Nitration is achieved during mechanical milling of the organic precursor, solid powder catalyst, and nitrate, serving as a source of nitronium. However, it remained unclear how important are the choices of the catalyst, organic compound to be nitrated, and nitronium source. Quantifying and understanding such effects will advance the proposed mechanochemical nitration technique and build the foundation for the follow-up work identifying the reaction mechanisms and scaling the process up to pilot-plant level.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Jul 27, 2021
Accession Number
AD1193169

Entities

People

  • Edward L Dreizin
  • Leah Wingard

Organizations

  • New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Energy and Power Technologies

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Acids
  • Aromatic Compounds
  • Ball Mills
  • Chemical Reactants
  • Chemical Reactions
  • Chemical Synthesis
  • Chemistry
  • Energetic Materials
  • Explosives
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Heat Energy
  • Heat Of Formation
  • Heat Of Vaporization
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Measurement
  • Metal Oxides
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Oxidation
  • Spectrometry
  • Thermodynamics

Fields of Study

  • Environmental science

Readers

  • Environmental Engineering.
  • Nanocomposite Materials Science
  • Rocket Propulsion.