Probabilistic Water Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function, Version 2

Abstract

Reflections of a laser beam from a water surface are inherently probabilistic, depending on the surface state at the particular location and time. Measured statistics on wave states allow probabilistic calculations of wave height and slope at the location and time of reflections. These, in turn, are used to calculate the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) in a probabilistic sense based on multiple deterministic BRDF values. A complete model of probabilistic water BRDF is detailed, with accompanying illustrations of BRDF for selected conditions. In general, the BRDF decreases rapidly with increasing wind speed, and the probabilistic BRDF is significantly less than the deterministic BRDF under identical conditions. An empirical model of water BRDF for more rapid calculations is based on results from the probabilistic model.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Jan 08, 2023
Accession Number
AD1196526

Entities

People

  • Albert W. Bailey
  • Andrew. W. Wharmby
  • Edward A. Early
  • Elharith Ahmed
  • Semih S. Kumru

Organizations

  • 711th Human Performance Wing

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Air Platforms

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Air Force
  • Air Force Research Laboratories
  • Angle Of Incidence
  • Department Of Defense
  • Distribution Functions
  • Governments
  • Human Performance
  • Laser Beams
  • Models
  • Oceans
  • Probabilistic Models
  • Probability
  • Radiation
  • Reflectance
  • Reflection
  • Simulations
  • Standards
  • Statistics
  • Surface Properties
  • United States
  • United States Government
  • Wave Power
  • Wind Direction

Readers

  • Coastal Oceanography
  • Geotechnical Engineering.
  • Mathematical Modeling and Probability Theory.

Technology Areas

  • Directed Energy