Determination of Fate and Toxicological Effects of Insensitive Munitions Compounds in Terrestrial Ecosystems
Abstract
The military services have been developing and evaluating several insensitive munitions (IMs) for future weapon systems, to replace present munitions that contain highly sensitive explosives. The overall objective of the present research was to develop soil invertebrate-based toxicity benchmarks acceptable for deriving Draft Ecological Soil Screening Levels (Eco-SSL) for IM compounds 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). The present research also developed empirical data to characterize the uptake dynamics DNAN and NTO from the soil into plants and earthworms. Toxicity studies were conducted using three soil invertebrate species the earthworm Eisenia andrei, the enchytraeid worm Enchytraeus crypticus, and the collembolan Folsomia candida. Draft Eco-SSLs and toxicokinetics data developed in this research will provide critical information for the installation managers to gauge the ecotoxicological impacts of military operations that involve the use of DNAN and NTO, thus ultimately promoting the sustainable use of testing and training ranges.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Sep 23, 2022
- Accession Number
- AD1202919
Entities
People
- Afrachanna Butler
- Geoffrey Sunahara
- Guilherme R Lotufo
- Jalal Hawari
- Jeffrey Mcguire
- Michael Simini
- Robert W. Boyd
- Roman G Kuperman
- Ronald T. Checkai
Organizations
- McGill University
- Polytechnic School of Montreal
- United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command
- United States Army Corps of Engineers