Influence of Horizontal Inhomogeneity of Refractivity Vertical Profiles on Electromagnetic Measurements in Application to Refractivity Inversions
Abstract
The environment impacts system performance predictions and evaluation of ship communication and sensing technologies that involve transmission and receipt of electromagnetic (EM) waves.The complex fluid dynamics of the marine atmospheric surface layer (MASL) and its interaction with the ocean surface layer cause changes in temperature and humidity over a wide range of scales. These changes result in variability of radio refractivity that in extreme cases causes ducting layers to form that can change, for example, the effective range of radar or create holes in radar coverage (Skolnik, 2001; Zhao et al., 2017). In particular, evaporation ducts are extremely prevalent over marine surfaces (Hitney and Vieth, 1990; Babin 1997; Yang et al., 2015). Direct measurement of humidity and temperature at all the relevant scales in the MASL is difficult and costly; thus, inversion methods that infer the refractive environment based on EM measurements have gained favor as a means to retrieve environmental information in-situ.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jul 01, 2023
- Accession Number
- AD1207945
Entities
People
- Erin E Hackett
Organizations
- Coastal Carolina University