Estimation of Breaking Wave Height from Ultrawideband Radar Data

Abstract

We describe a multipath model for the microwave backscatter produced by breaking water waves that promises to provide a means to estimate breaker height when applied to ultrawideband (UWB) radar data. Particularly at low grazing angles, multipath scattering between the wave crest and the front face of the breaker is known to play an important role in the scattering mechanism. From a ray tracing perspective, the scattering can follow a direct path from the radar to the crest and back again, or its path can involve a bounce off the front face. Interference between components that follow these different paths produces peaks and nulls when the backscatter data is viewed in the RF frequency domain, with the peak spacing dependent upon the grazing angle and the breaker height. The simple model described in this report provides the analysis required to estimate the breaker height from the location of the peaks. The model indicates that very low grazing angles less than 5 degrees are preferable, as the peak spacing is then wide enough to measure with modest frequency resolution while the distinctive polarization response of the front-face reflection coefficient also provides a means to reject signals that are not generated by the assumed multipath mechanism.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Sep 29, 2023
Accession Number
AD1212317

Entities

People

  • Mark A. Sletten

Organizations

  • United States Naval Research Laboratory

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Advanced Electronics

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Acoustic Scattering
  • Backscattering
  • Bandwidth
  • Bragg Scattering
  • Department Of Defense
  • Detection
  • Detectors
  • Dielectric Permittivity
  • Electromagnetic Radiation
  • Frequency
  • Frequency Domain
  • Frequency Response
  • Gravity Waves
  • Grazing
  • Grazing Angles
  • Multipath Interference
  • Ocean Waves
  • Radar
  • Remote Sensing
  • Scattering
  • Surface Roughness
  • Time Domain
  • Water
  • Water Waves
  • Waves

Readers

  • Coastal Oceanography
  • Phased Array Antenna Design.
  • Wave Propagation and Nonlinear Chaotic Dynamics.

Technology Areas

  • Space