The Effects of Popular Energy Drinks on Surface Hardness of Glass Ionomer Restorations
Abstract
Dental Erosion is defined as the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues by a chemical process without the involvement of microorganisms (1). It is due to either extrinsic or intrinsic acid sources. Extrinsic acids are derived from the environment, medications, lifestyle and diet (2). The overconsumption of dietary acids in the form of soft drinks has been linked to tooth surface loss (3). Exposure to extrinsic acids may also adversely affect dental restorations. This clinically jeopardizes the life of the restoration, as the ultimate success of the restorative material is indicated by its longevity in the oral cavity. Energy drinks have become an annual 21-billion-dollar industry in the USA (4). The Food and Drug Administration defines energy drinks as a class of products in liquid form that typically contains caffeine, with or without other added ingredients (5). The most popular and studied energy drink is Red Bull, which was first introduced in Austria in 1987 and in the United States in1997. As a result of aggressive marketing that promoted increased attention, stamina and athletic performance, energy drink manufacturers enjoyed tremendous growth during the mid-2000s. In the year 2007 alone, more than 200 new energy drinks were launched in the United States. Teens and young adults, particularly young men, are identified as the target advertising demographic group for these energy drinks (6). This makes the military population especially prone to energy drink use. Over the last two decades, energy drinks have become increasingly popular among service members because they are thought to enhance performance and alertness. The popularity of these drinks has been strengthened in the military by their widespread availability during deployments where sleep deprivation is common.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- May 26, 2023
- Accession Number
- AD1222429
Entities
People
- Harold Willis
Organizations
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences